Home: Leila Rosen—English Teacher and Aesthetic Realism Associate

 
II.       The determination to be hurt

Aesthetic Realism explains that when we’re determined to have our way through contempt, we’ll work to justify feeling things are against us. I often acted hurt by something or someone; I never got the breaks, as I saw it; I felt left out, and that no one saw my value. Yet with all my pain, secretly I enjoyed feeling slighted, because then I felt I was right in keeping to myself.

“Once you are looking for disappointment,” said Mr. Siegel, “you can be a super-FBI.”  I was! I was adept at turning any situation into an affront. If someone pulled out a chair for me, it was because he thought I was incapable of doing it myself. I reduced people, with whole lives and deep feelings, into beings whose sole purpose was to lessen me. I didn’t see how unkind, and also how self-defeating this was, stopping me from feeling close to anyone.

This was especially true with men. I yearned for love, for someone to tell me I was wonderful. Meanwhile, I acted as if no man suited me, and thought: “Who needs them, anyway?” They got the message! “The problem that a girl has,” writes Mr. Siegel in his essay “Medusa Is a Nice Girl”:

is whether self-maintenance is negation or inclusiveness....There is something in everyone making “Don’t come closer” or “Don’t touch me” seem the wisest and most representative thing of that person.

 

            I began to understand this fight in myself when I was asked in a consultation if the way I went after my father’s praise while scorning him had made me unsure of myself as to men. I saw that what I’d been looking for from a man—to have him make me regal while I reserved the right to dismiss him—was like what I’d gone after with my father, Barney Rosen. As I changed my purpose with him, and really wanted to know how he saw himself, his past, his work, and more—I came to have a new respect for men. Meanwhile, there was more I needed to see. I still felt what I was missing was a man who saw my good qualities and would praise me in just the right, sensitive way, and I wasn’t hopeful about love. In a class some years ago, Ellen Reiss asked me:  “What would you rather do, say there's more for you to see, or despair?” I said, “I’ve preferred despair,” and she continued: 

 It's a wonderful way of not having to see any more. ‘I know no one is going to care for me. Other women may be able to speak to a man a certain way, but I know I’ll never have the chance.’ It's the same as putting a crown on your head.

 

This was true, and I love Ms. Reiss for showing that my insistence on despair was insincere, a form of contempt, and such a waste of time! Through this and other discussions I felt much more hopeful. Now, I am proud to say I am deeply in love with a man—Alan Shapiro, music educator and jazz pianist, who is now my husband.  And our education happily continues.

 

III.    Two kinds of determination in an American short story

I speak now about a moving short story  of 1907  by the American writer William Sydney Porter—better known by his penname, O. Henry: “The Last Leaf.”  My high school students love this story, in its compassionate criticism of a young woman’s determination to retreat from the world, and its showing of her friends’ kindness in being determined that she not!

In a lecture, Eli Siegel said, “A few [of O. Henry’s] stories show he belongs to American literature.” I believe this is one of them. It tells of two young painters sharing a studio in the artists’ colony described as “quaint old Greenwich Village.” One of them, Sue, is from Maine, and easily adjusts to New York winters, but Joanna, or Johnsy, from California, doesn’t, and when, “in November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the colony—touching one here and there with his icy fingers,” Johnsy becomes very ill.

The doctor gives her a one-in-ten chance—but only if she wants to live, and he tells Sue “she has made up her mind that she's not going to get well.” We can ask: what had Johnsy used to come to this decision? Did she, a struggling artist, feel humiliated having to do work that was less than grand in order, as the author says, to “pave [her] way to Art”? Might she have felt in some way what I had: that she hadn’t got the breaks, and did she take New York in winter to stand for a world she wanted to see as cold to her? “When there is an external misfortune,” Mr. Siegel explains, there can be mental trouble arising “from wanting to use it too much to make oneself distinguished in sadness and to feel the world is a failure.”

O. Henry is keen in saying that Johnsy will be stronger if she shows an active interest in the world. The doctor asks, “Has she anything on her mind?"  and he continues,

Whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines. If you will get her to ask one question about the new winter styles in cloak sleeves I will promise you a one-in-five chance for her, instead of one-in-ten.

 

            Sue goes to Johnsy’s bedside when she hears her murmuring: “‘Twelve,’ ...and a little later ‘eleven’; and [then] ‘eight’ and ‘seven,’ almost together.” “What was there to count?...There was only a...dreary yard [and an] old ivy vine, gnarled and decayed at the roots, [which] climbed half way up the brick wall.” Johnsy says weakly:

“They're falling faster now. Three days ago there were almost a hundred. It made my head ache to count them. But now it's easy....There are only five left now.” "Five what, dear?” “Leaves. On the ivy vine. When the last one falls I must go, too. I've known that for three days. Didn't the doctor tell you?"

 

Sue is distraught, and Johnsy says,

“I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark. Then I'll go, too. I’m tired of waiting. I’m tired of thinking. I want to turn loose my hold on everything, and go sailing down, down, just like one of those poor tired leaves.”

 

When Johnsy says, “I’m tired of thinking,” she is showing very wrong kind of determination, which is also very common.

I don’t want to minimize for a second how terrifying it is for a person to have a life-threatening illness. Yet I have seen that even when a person is in great distress, about oneself or a loved one, it is urgent to have a determination on behalf of life. “Is this true,” asked Eli Siegel, in this vital question:

No matter how much of a case one has against the world—its unkindness, its disorder, its ugliness, its meaninglessness—one has to do all one can to like it, or one will weaken oneself?

 

This is centrally about the fight between the two opposing kinds of determination in a person’s mind. This story, with its pathos, its careful use of words, and, as we’ll see, the irony that is O. Henry’s trademark, shows the answer is “YES!”

 

 

 

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